29 MAR 2016 BIASI SYSTEM_RICE_CULTIVATION

Biasi system in Chhattisgarh

Chhattisgarh, popularly known as “Rice Bowl of India” occupies an area around 3610.47 thousand hectares with the production of 5.48 MT and productivity of 1517 kg/ha. Where 32 percent of the rice area in the state has protective irrigation. The present availability of farm power in Chhattisgarh state is 1.65 kW/ha which is less of 1.84 kW/ha of national availability out of which 27.4 and 48.39% are animal and human power. In India as per agriculture census 2010-11, small and marginal holdings of less than 2 hectare account for 85% of the total operational holdings and 44% of the total operated area. The average size of holding for all operational classes (small and marginal, medium and large) have declined over the years and has come down to 1.16 hectare in 2010-11 from 2.82 hectare in 1970-71.

Sowing Methods Due to less land holding capacity of farmer anable to purchase improve farm implements and machinery cause low income and productivity. In Chhattisgarh animal power are easy available used in all agricultural operation which is time consuming, laborious and costly. Farmers adopting different methods of paddy cultivation

• Direct Sowing- Biasi

• Transplanting – Nursery and transplanter

• Line Sowing – Seed cum fertilizer drill

Where Biasi - In Chhattisgarhthe direct sowing practice is followed in about 75 per cent paddy area and remaining 25 per cent is covered under transplanting. The farmers used to broadcast the seed, and thus weeds grow with the paddy crop, which required many labors for manual weeding. Looking to the scarcity of labour and high wages, farmers adopted "Biasifor weeding and thinning by ploughing the field in the standing water.when direct seeded than dropping of seeds are not uniform that causes some where high dense and another where gap, maintained by biasi.

How to Biasi Biasi cultivation constitutes 80 percent of the rice area of Chhattisgarh. “Biasi” is a kind of intercultural operation, which is done in direct seeded paddy field, by ploughing the field by local wooden plough in standing water condition. Biasi is done standing water crop of depth of 10-15 cm after sowing of 25-40 days and than planking or chalai. Planking is done to level the furrow in which weeds are suppressed into the mud and paddy plants get erected. "Chalai” is a local term in which the uprooted seedlings of paddy plants are manually planted and redistributed and weeds are buried by legs.

Advantages of Biasi The Biasi operation is done mainly

• To destroy weeds,

• To manipulate root zone,

• To create semi-puddled conditions,

• To reduce percolation of water and

• To maintain plant population

Biasi implement The implements through which Biasi is done-

• Desi plough – Animal drawn

• Trifal – Animal drawn

• Multipurpose tool –Animal drawn

• Power tiller cultivataor – Power tiller

Table 1 Performance of different biais implement

S.No

Performance

Desi plough

MPT

Trifal

Power tiller cultivator

1

Time of operation hr/ha

33.33

9.09

14.28

7.68

2

Field efficiency %

86.01

74.34

81.04

79.73

3

Plant mortality %

22.44

12.38

15.61

11.04

4

Weeding efficiency %

45.52

60.18

55.14

65.74

View of Desi plough and Trifal View of MPT Biasi tool and Power Tiller Biasi

Desi Plough - It is single furrow opner animal drawn desi plough which is generally used by local farmer. Biasi operation is very time consuming and energy consumption in this plough.

Trifal The bullock drawn three tined cultivator was modified for effective Biasi operation for minimum draft, minimum soil inversion , clogging and plant mortality during the Biasi operation. The curved tines and adequate ground clearance minimize clogging. Due to more working width by three tines, the number of passes required for the Biasi ploughing is minimized to one third.

Multipurpose tool – The animal -drawn wheeled tool carrier is a multipurpose machine designed to perform agricultural operations and to provide transportation where animals are the main source of power. It can perform virtually all operations that attract or can, thus providing to many farmers the versatility and precision previously available to only a few. Multi Purpose Tool Carrier is a good alternative for this problem. Various field operations can be performed with the help of a multipurpose tool carrier (MPT) without investing much amount and time.

Power tiller cultivator Most efficient Biasi operation is done by power tiller attached with five tines of cultivator. Which is time saving, less energy, less time of operation and less fuel consumption. As day by day agriculture is going more laborious and costly animal drawn should be replace for proper mechanization and to increase productivity.

Table – cost description

S.no

cost

Desi plough

Trifal

MPT

Power tiller Cultivator

1

Total cost Rs

1150

1550

5040

7000

2

Weight kg

23

17.4

64

56

3

Operational cost Rs/hr

51.95

53.51

54.95

78.57

Result- Day by day agriculture is going to costly. Population is also increases which causes it is necessary to increase productivity mechanization is most important for timely operation. Power tiller cultivator can be replace the animal drawn biasi plough efficiently with low cost and timely operation.

Ajay Verma - Professor Piyush Pradhan - Mtech Student Agricultural Engineering IGKV Raipur CG

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